Background: The immune properties of mothers’ milk are well known. But the effects of physical activity on humeral immune properties of mothers’ milk is still undetermined. Therefore, reports on the impact of exercise on IgA concentrations of mothers’ milk is controversial. The purpose of the present study was the investigation of the effects of selected aerobic exercises in maximum intensity of 60-70% of heart rate reserve on IgA concentrations in breast milk as well as body composition. Method: In this research, 28 sedentary women (29± 5. 7 years; VO2max 36± 4 ml/Kg/min), divided into two exercise and control groups through random sampling, took part. The exercise group performed some particular exercises for 10 weeks whereas the control group did not do so. Milk samples were taken from both groups and measured by the ELISA method. Body composition was also measured in different stages of the study. Results: In the rest status, the two groups were identical in terms of IgA concentrations (p= 0. 549) and body composition (p=0. 204). IgA concentrations under exercise load of 60% (p=0. 060) and 70% (p= 0. 001) of the HRR respectively showed a significant increase as compared to the resting status mean values in the two groups. Body composition variables were only of significant values in terms of comparing the general effects, only in the factors of group (p=0. 003) and reciprocal effect of the grouping-the duration of the exercises (p=0. 024). Conclusions: The results of this research show that, under the effects of moderate intensity exercise, the mothers’ secretory immune system experiences some changes. Therefore, IgA concentrations in the milk increase. In addition, with the reduction of fat weight, the decrease of fat mass percentage, and increase in the body density, the level of the mothers’ aerobic fitness is increased, which is in no contradiction with their lactation performance.

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare two intensities of acute aerobic exercise on lipid profiles in overweight elderly men.Subjects and Methods: fifteen overweight elderly men (mean±SD; age 66.2±3.6 years, height 176.3±5.7 cm, Weight 90.58±4.7 kg) participated in the study. In the first session, anthropometric measurements, body composition, and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was measured in all subjects. In the next sessions, subjects completed two acute aerobic exercises on separate days in a crossover design. The two exercise trials performed at intensity of 45% and 65% VO2peak after fasting for at least 10 hours and For 30 minutes per session treadmill. Blood samples before and after exercise were collected for measuring Total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C and LDL-C.Results: The results showed that triglycerides, LDL-C and total cholesterol levels were significantly decreased after moderate intensity of acute aerobic exercise (p<0.05). Also HDL-C levels was significantly increased after moderate intensity of acute aerobic exercise (p<0.05). No Significant changes were observed in triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C and total cholesterol levels after low intensity of acute aerobic exercise (p>0.05).Conclusion: According to the present results, we can conclude that acute aerobic exercise at moderate intensity compared with low intensity improves the lipid profile in overweight elderly men.

Background: Adipulin is a hormone secretd by fat cells that acts as a metabolic regulator with antiinflammatory properties and is reduced through obesity, diabetes and inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of high and moderate intensity aerobic exercise on serum adipolin levels and some indicators of metabolic syndrome in obese women. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 36 people were randomly divided into three groups of 12 people (2 experimental groups and one control group). Aerobic exercise group with an intensity of 85-95% of maximum heart rate performed intermittent walking and running on the treadmill for 33 minutes per session and exercise group with an intensity of 50-70% of maximum heart rate walked continuously for 41 minutes. (Training duration for 2 groups was 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week, The control group was not active during this period). One-way analysis of variance statistical and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used at the significant level (P> 0. 05). Results: High intensity aerobic exercise significantly increased serum adipolin levels (P= 0. 001) and decreased total cholesterol (P= 0. 020), triglyceride (P= 0. 021) and insulin resistance (P= 0. 001). The results also showed no significant differences in the levels of high-density lipoprotein (P= 0. 615), low-density lipoprotein (P= 0. 604), and blood pressure (P= 0. 269) in the three groups. Medium-intensity aerobic exercise had no effect on serum adipoline levels (P= 0. 192), only glucose, (P= 0. 025), triglycerides (P= 0. 010), systolic blood pressure (P= 0. 028) and insulin (P= 0. 043) decreased and the levels of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and highdensity lipoprotein did not change significantly. Conclusion: In the end, it can be said that it seems that individuals can use high-intensity aerobic exercise to increase the amount of adipolin as an indicator of improving insulin sensitivity and also improving the indicators of metabolic syndrome.